Which term refers to the distribution of power between a central authority and its components or constituent units?

• A. Constitution
• B. Federalism
• C. Sovereignty
• D. Grassroot

Answer: (B)

Federalism describes the distribution of power between a central authority and its subnational units. In a federal system, the national government and lower levels—such as states or provinces—share constitutional authority, with powers allocated in a constitution. This arrangement allows the central government to handle national matters while giving regional units the ability to address local needs within their own jurisdictions. Countries like the United States, Canada, and Germany illustrate how subnational governments have distinct powers and responsibilities alongside the national government. The other terms point to different ideas: a constitution is the legal document outlining the framework, sovereignty refers to the supreme authority of a governing body, and grassroots describes power that originates from ordinary people at the local level.