Which term means a mutual exchange of privileges?

• A. Leverage
• B. Moral Hazard
• C. Right-to-self determination
• D. Reciprocity

Answer: (D)

Reciprocity captures the idea of a mutual exchange of privileges and obligations in a relationship. In healthcare ethics and professional practice, this means both sides—patients and providers (or institutions)—benefit from and contribute to the partnership. Patients share information, consent to care, and follow treatments, while clinicians offer competent, respectful care and safeguard patient welfare, and institutions support the care environment. This bidirectional give-and-take is what reciprocity describes.

Leverage is about using power to gain an advantage; it doesn’t denote a mutual exchange. Moral hazard refers to riskier behavior that arises when someone else bears the cost, not a balanced exchange. Right-to-self-determination focuses on autonomy and a person’s right to make their own choices, rather than a mutual back-and-forth of privileges and obligations.